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| Hornito -- A hornito is a rootless spatter cone, usually generated on pahoehoe surfaces. Fractures, often on tumuli and above lava tubes, allow the underlying lava to rise through the brittle crust of the flow to produce localized areas of lava extrusion. The example shown here erupted in 1985 on the east rift zone of Kilauea during the Pu'u O'o-Kupaianaha eruption. Courtesy of J.D. Griggs, USGS. |